Flashing Lights and Floaters: More Than Meets the Eye

By Francisco Almeida, MD, MS, and Arun D. Singh, MD

A 62-year-old woman has had flashing lights and floaters in her left eye with progressive loss of vision over the past month. She has not had recent trauma. She does not smoke.

Figure 1. Funduscopy showed multiple lobulated, yellowish choroidal lesions in the posterior pole, with overlying subretinal fluid (arrows). Similar but smaller lesions were seen in the right eye (arrows).

She was referred for an ophthalmologic evaluation. Her visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye, but she could only count fingers with the left. The anterior segment appeared normal in both eyes. Funduscopic examination of the left eye revealed numerous lobulated, yellowish, choroidal lesions in the posterior pole with overlying subretinal fluid. The lesions involved the fovea, accounting for the poor visual acuity. There were two similar but smaller lesions in the right eye (Figure 1). Ultrasonography confirmed the choroidal location of the lesions (Figure 2). We diagnosed uveal metastatic tumor as funduscopic findings of bilateral yellow choroidal lesions are consistent with metastatic cancer.

Figure 2. Ultrasonography of the left eye confirmed the choroidal location of the lesions noted on fundoscupy (arrows).

The patient was admitted to the hospital for a thorough evaluation. Computed tomography of the chest showed a 2.1-by-4.5-cm mass in the lower lobe of the left lung, highly suspicious for malignancy and associated with left hilar lymphadenopathy and right acute pulmonary embolism. Bronchoscopy showed an endobronchial tumor completely occluding the left lower lobe and the lingular orifices.

Pathologic specimens from the endobronchial tumor confirmed adenocarcinoma, consistent with a primary lung cancer.

The most common intraocular malignancy

Uveal metastasis is the most common intraocular malignancy and is found on autopsy in up to 12 percent of people who die of cancer; it involves both eyes in 4.4 percent of cases. Multiple metastases are seen in one eye in up to 20 percent of cases.

The tumors are most often in the choroid, probably because of its extensive blood supply. Breast cancer (in women) and lung cancer (in men) are the most common cancers with uveal metastasis. Uveal metastasis from cancers of the prostate, kidney, thyroid, and gastrointestinal tract and from lymphoma and leukemia is less common.

Patients with choroidal metastases can see flashing lights, floating spots and have distortion of their vision. In such patients, a careful history and physical examination can uncover signs and symptoms of the hidden cancer, especially of lung cancer.

Once uveal metastasis is suspected, both eyes and orbits and the central nervous system should be examined, as this disease tends to present bilaterally and to involve the central nervous system. Uveal metastases respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, depending on the nature of the primary tumor. In general, treatment is based on the extent of the metastasis, prior treatments and the patient’s overall functional status.

Dr. Almeida directs the Interventional Pulmonary Medicine Program in the Respiratory Institute. Dr. Singh directs the Department of Ophthalmic Oncology in Cleveland Clinic’s Cole Eye Institute.

This article originally appeared in Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. Read the full article here.